Sigrid Norrgård

Dr. Sigrid Norrgård is a senior reserving and capital actuary (ret.) and independent consultant who spent twenty-six years across the Nordic non-life market — eleven at If P&C Insurance leading reserving for the Swedish and Baltic motor and liability portfolios, twelve at Munich Re's Stockholm branch as head of capital modelling for the Nordic cedants, and the last three advising mid-sized Continental primaries on Solvency II internal-model recalibration and IFRS 17 risk-adjustment methodology.

She holds a PhD in mathematical statistics from Uppsala University and is a fellow of Svenska Aktuarieföreningen. She has been the sign-off reserving actuary on approximately one hundred and forty year-end reserve reviews and the lead capital actuary on twelve internal-model approval submissions to the Finansinspektionen and BaFin.

Her opinion, formed across two and a half decades: the bootstrap prediction error and Mack's prediction error are not the same number. Anyone who quotes one as the other is either confused or lying.